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Insect Repellent Use for Children
Insect repellents protect the skin against insect bites for several hours after topical application. The most effective topical insect repellent is N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, commonly known as DEET, which is effective in repelling a variety of mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, and flies (biting insects), but is ineffective against wasps or bees (stinging insects). Insect repellents may also contain other chemicals which are not as effective as DEET against mosquitoes and ticks. Once applied, insect repellents surround the application site with a vapour which deters insects. Wind, rain, time and perspiration are able to reduce the size of this vapour barriere and reapplication in necessary.
To avoid insects and insect bites, individuals should avoid brightly coloured clothing, strong and flowery perfume, overripe fruit and clover fields. Covering up with clothing and tucking pant legs into socks and using mosquito netting (for example, draped over a baby carriage, stroller or playpen).
Topical application of DEET can cause skin reactions such as redness, irritation, burning and dermatitis. DEET is absorbed through the skin and may cause systemic toxicity. Reports of serious toxicity in children have generally been associated with excessive or prolonged use of DEET. Consequently, insect repellents should be used cautiously to prevent side effects in children.
Citronella based repellents provide short term protection from mosquitoes, but are not effective against other insects. Other purported repellents include Avon's Skin-So-Soft and Thiamine (vitamin B1) but data is lacking as to their effectiveness.
GUIDE TO SAFE USE OF INSECT REPELLENTS
- Do not use insect repellents on children less than 6 months old. In older infants and children, products containing greater than 50% DEET are not recommended.
- Sprays should be avoided when possible as they are difficult to apply uniformly and are easily inhaled. Lotions, liquids and sticks are preferred.
- Avoid applying to the hands of children who tend to put fingers in their mouth
- Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes
- Avoid long term use or frequent applications
- Do not apply under occlusive clothing such as diapers
- Store all repellents out of reach of children
- If spraying repellents onto clothing, use a test area first to evaluate possible damage to fabric.
For more information on this or any other related topic, call our pharmacist at 613-962-5387, or fax us at 613-962-5605.
